Higher+Level+-+Global+Interactions

=Higher Level - Global Interactions=

=Global Participation= (source greenfields geography)

**Globalisation:** The growing interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows, and through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of capital (IB definition). [|What is Globalisation? Noam Chomsky]

[|OBAMA on Globalisation]

**Internationalism:** The extension of economic activities across national boundaries. This is often referred to as the stage before globalization.

**Glocalisation:** When TNCs adapt their products to suit the local market place e.g. McDonald in India won't sell beef and in the Middle East they won't sell pork because of the religious beliefs of locals (for more details go to: Defining glocalization).

**Grobalisation:** The imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations and organisations to impose themselves on various geographic areas.

**Global Village:** The term global village was popularised by Marshall McLuhan in 1962. He used it to refer to how the world had been contracted into a village by electric technology.

**Homogenisation:** The process of everything become the same. Critics of globalisation say that globalisation is making the world more homogenised.

** Cultural Diversity: ** The increased variety of different cultures from around the world e.g. different foods, music, film, etc.

**Disneyfication, Mcdonaldisation, Toyotarisation:** Various TNC names have been used to describe the process of globalisation and that particular company taking over a large share of the global market place.

**Anti-capitalism:** A broad term that is given to any challenge to capitalism.

**Nationalism:** Refers to an ideology, a sentiment, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation.

**Dimensions/Components of Globalisation**
Globalisation is a complex phenomenon with multiple components. Some of the most commonly talked about components are:


 * Economic:** This is the component most commonly associated with globalisation. It includes the growth of TNCs, global products, trading blocs as well as increased flows of money.


 * Urban:** It is argued that urbanisation is associated with globalisation because people living in cities are more exposed foreign languages, food, products, culture, etc. Because of urbanisation and globalisation, many global (world) cities have developed e.g. London, New York and Hong Kong.


 * Social/Cultural:** Also commonly associated with globalisation is the rise of global culture. This might include the spread of food, clothes, film, music, religion, sports and music. Some people argue that this is making the world more cultural diverse, others that it is making the world more homogenised.


 * Linguistic:** This is related to the emergence of global languages and the disappearance of local dialects. English has become an international language, but other languages have also become dominant in other parts of the world e.g. Spanish in South and Central America and Arabic in the Middle East and North Africa. Because of its population size Mandarin is also becoming increasingly important and widespread.


 * Political:** Globalisation has seen the growth of political ideologies e.g. Capitalism and democracy. It has also seen the growth of dominant countries e.g. US (Superpower?) and increasingly China. It has also seen the growth of political blocs with common interests e.g. NATO, OECD, G20 and OPEC. Globalisation has probably also enabled the Arab Spring in the Middle East as well as the growth of less desirable organisations e.g. Al Qaeda.


 * Demographic:** People are now also globalised, the world has a more footloose workforce and more people now go on overseas holidays. The number of inter-racial marriages has also increased.


 * Environmental:** Probably the least desirable component of globalisation, but many environmental problems created by humans e.g. acid rain, the hole in the ozone layer, biodiversity loss and climate change are truly global issues.

Globalisation has been able to help because of improvements in transport and communications. The list goes in a rough chronological order:
 * = ===Transport=== ||= ===Communications=== ||
 * * Road and horse and cart
 * Ships
 * Trains
 * Cars
 * Motorways
 * Air travel
 * High speed trains
 * Budget airlines || * Post
 * Newspapers
 * Radio
 * Telegram
 * Telephone
 * Television
 * Pagers
 * Internet and e-mail
 * Mobile phones
 * Messenger e.g. MSN
 * Video conferencing
 * Skype
 * Facebook and Twitter
 * Broadband and wireless (3G and 4G) ||